Knitting a gauge swatch is one of the most important steps before starting a knitting project. For most knitters, it’s also one of the most dreaded steps next to weaving in knitting ends.
However, there’s no need to feel this way. In this Guide to Knitting Gauge, I’ll explain several things to make you feel more confident about knitting gauge and knitting a gauge swatch.
First, I’ll begin by discussing what a knit swatch is. Second, we’ll talk about what gauge in knitting means and what it has to do with a knitting a gauge swatch. Next, I’ll explain why it’s so important to swatch for your knit project.
We’ll go through each step in detail and answer all your questions so you’re able to go forth and knit confidently. Let’s begin by discussing and defining what a knit swatch is.
Get the Paseo Blanket Pattern here.
Get Berroco Ultra Wool DK yarn for this knitting project.
Table of contents
What is a Knit Swatch?
In simplest terms, a knit swatch is a small knitted sample of a stitch pattern. You might find this pattern in a knitting book, a knitting blog, or on a pattern website. It could also come from a designer’s knitted accessory pattern, for example. In other words, it could be the beginning of a knit you want to design, or a finished design from another knitter.
Here's an example of some test swatches I knit for my Lazy River mosaic cowl pattern. You can learn more about mosaic knitting here and find other slip stitch patterns here.
Get the Lazy River Cowl knitting pattern here.
Get Malabrigo Sock yarn in Aniversario for this knitting pattern.
You’ve probably heard other knitters talk about knit swatches, usually with dread or annoyance. Annoyance because we are impatient creatures and just want to start knitting. Dread because many are uncertain about what knitting gauge is and how to achieve it.
I can’t help you with overcoming annoyance, but I can certainly help you with gauge.
Gauge swatches come into play once you’ve chosen your knitting project. If it requires a desired fit, like a knit sweater, you’ll definitely have to knit a gauge swatch. This type of swatch uses the exact knitting needles, yarn, and (stitch) pattern you intend to use for your knitting project.
Before we talk about why these tools are so important, let me explain why you should knit a swatch.
Why Should I Knit a Swatch?
You’d knit a swatch for a variety of reasons. Maybe you want to try out a new yarn, knitting needles, or practice a new knitting techniques. Or, perhaps, you want to make knitting pattern swatch to see how the design works up.
The most important reason to knit a swatch, though, is if you plan to knit a particular pattern that needs to be a specific size, especially if it needs to fit.
The knit swatch will tell you if the knitting tools you want to work with are a good fit for your knitting pattern. It’ll also give you a snapshot of what your finished knit will look like. Let me give you some examples of what to pay attention to as you knit your swatch.
When you knit a swatch, evaluate the following:
- Does the yarn color show the pattern clearly?
- Is the yarn fiber easy or difficult to work with?
- Are the knitting needles easy or difficult to work with?
- Is the yarn weight ideal for your project?
- How does your knitting tension look?
- Do you need to practice a knitting technique?
- Do you need to block your knitting?
- Do your knitting tools work well together?
- Is the pattern well-written or poorly written?
- Does something need to change?
- Do you want to continue?
As you can see, a knit swatch is a detailed collaboration of so many things. Essentially, it’s using the right tools and techniques to create a knitted piece that doesn’t end up hidden in the back of the closet. Remember, your time and effort are valuable. Don’t waste your time by not knitting a swatch first.
Using the Right Tools for Your Swatch
I can’t stress enough the importance of choosing the right knitting tools. They play a huge part when you first knit a swatch and on your finished knit.
As I mentioned earlier, when you knit a gauge swatch, you need to use the exact knitting needles, yarn, and (stitch) pattern you intend to use for your knitting project. Let me explain why this is so important.
As we discussed in our post on yarn hanks, yarn density may vary from color to color. This is due to the color treatment or hand dye process the yarn goes through.
A yarn’s density, how thick or thin it is, can also vary within the same brand, line, and color of yarn. So, it’s important to use the same color and dye lot for your swatch as for your knitting project.
As for knitting needles, they go through different manufacturing processes, which can cause some inconsistencies from one brand to another. Knitting needles will also vary depending on the type of material they’re made from.
Learn more about knitting needle types here.
Try these ChiaoGoo Bamboo Interchangeable Needles.
For example, if you were to knit a swatch with bamboo knitting needles, and then switch to metal knitting needles on your project, you’d run the risk of having your project size change. Different needle materials will produce different knitting gauges.
Try these ChiaoGoo Metal Knitting Needle Interchangeable set.
Now that we’ve covered tools and their importance, let’s talk about knitting gauge.
What is Knitting Gauge?
If your goal is to design a knit pattern, you’ll need to look at the yarn label for recommended gauge for that particular yarn. You can learn more about reading a yarn label here.
If you’re reading a knitting pattern from a designer, you'll need to look for:
- the knitting needle size
- the yarn name and yarn colorway used
- and the stitch gauge and row gauge the pattern calls for.
This means how many knit stitches per inch and how many rows per inch.
Let's look at an example using the above yarn label's stitch and row gauge. I’ve bracketed the important details in pink. You can see from reading their yarn label, their recommended gauge uses size 5 (3.75 mm) knitting needles. They also list a knitting gauge of 22 stitches and 30 rows in 4 inches. In knitting patterns, gauge is written like this:
Gauge: 22 sts X 30 rows = 4 inches / 10 centimeters
This means that their knitting gauge measured 22 stitches (width) by 30 rows (height) in 4 inches squared using size 5 knitting needles.
Your goal is to match the stitch gauge AND the row gauge
the designer lists on the knitting pattern.
Stitch gauge and row gauge measurements determine the size of your finished knit. You’ll calculate knitting gauge from your gauge swatch, which will tell you if your finished project will fit correctly.
Now, let’s get into how to knit a gauge swatch.
Making a Gauge Swatch for a Designer's Pattern
For example purposes, assume that the above swatch gauge is your knitting pattern’s gauge. Based on this, you’d knit a gauge swatch with the same yarn and same size 5 knitting needles. This is your starting point.
But, maybe you're asking, how do I know how many stitches to cast on?
First, look to the measured gauge they provided. In this example, it shows 22 stitches equal 4 inches.
This is not the number of stitches you cast on.
This is the finished measurement of the swatch.
So, you’ll want to cast on more stitches. More because you don’t want to include the selvedges or the cast on / bind off borders in your measurements. Then, you’ll knit a gauge swatch that measures at least 4 inches, but 5 or 6 inches is recommended for better accuracy.
Get Lettie's Ocean Shawl knitting pattern here.
Try Cascade 220 Worsted weight yarn for your shawl project.
Knitting a Gauge Swatch for a Stitch Pattern
If you’re knitting from a stitch pattern and not a knitted accessory pattern, here’s what you do. Look to the yarn label for answers on where to begin. In this case, this is where a yarn weight chart comes in handy since stitch patterns don’t provide any design instructions.
Take a look at the Ultimate Yarn Weight Cheat Sheet I created for you. Here you can see four categories.
The Weight Category lists 8 different yarn weights from 0 to 7. The Types Category lists the different types of yarn found in each yarn weight. The Needle Size Category shows the recommended needle sizes for each yarn weight. The Stitches per Inch Category tells you how many stitches per four inches using the recommended needle size.
To knit a gauge swatch for a stitch pattern, use this cheat sheet to find your cast on starting point. For example, for a bulky or chunky yarn, it shows recommended needle sizes of 9 to 11 with an estimated 12 to 15 stitches per 4 inches.
For a knit swatch using bulky yarn, cast on more than 15 stitches. Knit until you’ve reached 4 to 6 inches, then bind off before you measure.
What to Pay Attention To with Gauge
As humans, we all knit differently and can be affected by a variety of things, which can affect our knitting. The most important thing to pay attention to when knitting a gauge swatch is your knitting tension.
Knitting tension is how tight or how loosely you knit. Like your heart rate, your knitting tension can change if you’re stressed or distracted. It can even change when you’re using different knitting needle materials.
Here's an excellent post by TECHknitter on the mysteries of gauge and knitting tension.
If you’re a beginner knitter, you may also knit differently from row to row which can cause irregularities in the knit fabric. These are all things you want to pay attention to.
What you’re looking for is consistency in your knitting like this swatch I knit in the round. You should knit your swatch as you would when you’re not knitting under pressure. Stress knitting is definitely a no-no.
Learn how to cast on in the round and how to knit a swatch in the round here.
The more stressed you are, the less likely you’ll get an accurate gauge. Plus, you want to knit the gauge swatch as if you’re knitting the pattern. You want to be able to keep gauge throughout because the measuring doesn’t end with the swatch.
If the process requires numerous attempts until you meet the pattern’s knitting gauge, that’s okay. Take your time. Relax. Enjoy the process.
Gauge FAQ
Here's a list of frequently asked questions I get about gauge. I'll continue to update this section as needed.
It all depends on the knitting pattern. If it’s a pattern for a knit baby blanket or a knit scarf, for example, you could probably get away without knitting a gauge swatch. This only works on patterns where size isn’t critical to the finished knit.
However, it never hurts to get into the habit of knitting gauge swatches. The more you do it, the more comfortable you’ll get with the process. Over time, you may learn to not dread swatches.
Unless your knitting pattern tells you to knit in garter stitch or some other stitch pattern, assume that they mean stockinette stitch.
Keep your knit swatch so you can compare your work in progress (WIP) to your finished gauge measurements. This will help you stay on track.
You’ll need to knit a swatch in each pattern to determine each pattern’s gauge.
Knit your swatch in the needle size that the body of fabric is worked in.
Alright, so we’ve discussed what a knit swatch is, what gauge means in knitting, why gauge is so important, and how to start knitting a gauge swatch. We’ve even gone over what to look for in your swatch as you knit. We’ve really covered a lot of ground, but this isn’t the end.
The next step is to start knitting a gauge swatch. So pick a pattern, choose your yarn, and grab your knitting needles! Next time, we’ll talk about knitting gauge tools and how to measure gauge in knitting (coming soon!).
In the meantime, continue to send me your questions if they weren’t addressed here. I’m happy to help.
I really like your website. Full of clear, concise information. Thanks for the lesson on gauge. I have been stressing about it for weeks now. Cheers. I am bookmarking this site.
Thank you so much! I'm so glad you found it helpful.
Yes, gauge is one of those things in knitting that can be stressful at first but, with practice, it'll become second nature. Best of luck!
I need to get a substitute yarn for a garter stitch project. The gauge is given over garter stitch in the pattern. Is it possible to convert this to a stocking stitch gauge to allow me to choose a suitable yarn substitute? Yarns give their gauge information in stocking stitch, so I’m struggling.
Great question! It sounds like: 1. you already have a pattern in mind but they list gauge in garter stitch; and 2. you want to find a yarn substitute for the yarn listed/used in the pattern.
Here's what I would do. There's a great online site called Yarnsub.com. I'd search there and see what yarn substitution recommendations they have for the yarn used in the pattern. Assuming the yarn is a common or popular one, you're likely to find a workable result there. Then, I'd knit a gauge swatch in garter stitch with your new yarn. As there's no true method to convert stockinette gauge to garter stitch gauge without knitting a gauge swatch to get your estimates, this is your best option. But you can always make your yarn work for you so long as you swatch and adjust needle size accordingly.
I hope this helps! Best of luck! Christina
Guage 1 is perfect in width but length to short by 1/2 inch.
Guage 2 is perfect in length but width is too narrow by 1/4 inch.
Any suggestions?
Hi Carolyn! I'd need more info to help you troubleshoot your gauge swatch.
It sounds like you knit two swatches but you didn't specify if you used different needle sizes for each.
Are you casting on more stitches than what gauge requires? In other words, if your pattern's gauge swatch says you need 19 stitches per 4 inches, are you casting on more/less than 19 stitches?
Also, did you wash and block your swatches? If you haven't, doing this might be the difference you need to get gauge.
What type of project are you working on? This may play an important role in meeting row gauge.
If you can share more details, I'll do my best to help you. ~ Christina
My swatch works out for the row count but is 1/2” short for the stitch count. I am afraid I do not understand how to make adjustments. I am using the yarn and needle size recommended. I am not sure what I need to do.
I applaud your swatching efforts! Good job! To make adjustments, there are a couple of options to try. 1) You could try knitting a new swatch with a different needle material in the same size. 2) Depending on how crucial length is to this project, you could knit until you've reached the called-for length. 3) You could try an alternate yarn and/or pattern. This last option is more extreme, of course, but sometimes certain fibers and materials just don't play nice with each other. I sincerely hope this helps! Best of luck! ~Christina
Hi!
This is a helpful guide, but I am confused about one thing. You say towards the beginning of this guide that the gauge is the number of stitches and rows required *per inch*, but later you write,
“20 sts/28 rows = 4 inches in stockinette stitch”
Following the first statement, I would need 80 stitches for width and 112 rows for height, but then you explain that
“This means that gauge is 20 stitches (width) and 28 rows (height) equaling four inches squared in stockinette stitch.”
Am I missing something? Because I just cast on 16 stitches for this blanket I’m knitting, but... that does not come to 4”. Thank you!
I’m glad you found the guide helpful though a little confusing. Sorry about that. The confusion sounds like it’s coming from the “per inch” statement.
Based on the numbers you gave it sounds like you might be trying to knit a blanket that’s 16 inches square?
20 stitches X 4 inches = 80 sts (16” wide)
28 stitches X 4 inches = 112 sts (16” tall)
That formula was just an example, but it’s not a guarantee. As I mentioned in the post, gauge can vary based on needle size, yarn, and how you knit. Be sure to check your ball band for recommendations, too.
I’m not sure where the 16 sts comes in but, you’re right, that would roughly give you 3” square blanket.
If you want to knit a larger blanket, you’ll have to factor in stitches based on the formula. If using a different stitch pattern and/or borders, just remember to swatch first to account for stitch behavior.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have additional questions.
Hello! If I have a pattern that calls for chunky wool (weight 5) that has a gauge of 2.5 stitches per inch on size 10 needles, but I am using a lighter acrylic yarn that has a gauge of 16 stitches per 4 inches, I need to figure out how to convert. The chunky wool pattern calls for casting on 25 stitches (for 10 inches). Can I cast on 40 stitches of my lighter yard (16 for 4 inches plus 16 for 4 inches plus 8 for 2 inches)? Also, the gauges all seem to be given in stockinette stitch but this hat is garter stitch. Do I have to worry about converting the gauge or since the gauges are standard in stockinette, is it fine to just do the calculation to get to 10 inches of stitches? Thank you! Judy
Hi! Thanks for the comment. So, a couple of things going on here. First, you WILL need to swatch in garter stitch since that's what the pattern swatch called for. Garter stitch is wider and denser (read: yarn hog) than stockinette so you'll need to start there. You could also try going up a needle size with the lighter yarn to see if you can meet gauge without having to convert everything. If that doesn't work, swatching in garter stitch should give you a better feel for how much you'll need to convert. I hope this helps!
Hello,
I am planning on making a blanket using a garter ribbing stitch. I would like the blanket to have a chunkier knit but still be able to see the pattern. Do you have any suggestions for the yarn weight and/or needle size?
Thank you!
Hi there! I've found that rib stitch patterns show up the best, which looks great on blankets. I wouldn't worry about losing the ribs in a chunky blanket, unless you're planning to use a wildly variegated yarn. My only recommendation is to knit with something you're comfortable with. Personally, I'd say go with something in a chunky/bulky (5). This is because I find anything larger too heavy, and the needles too big. It also makes it a little harder to hide yarn tails or hide yarn joins. This is just my experience though. I hope this info helps. Thanks for asking. I appreciate your question. 🙂
Hey! Let me tell you this is super helpful and I wanted to ask your for help- What would you say the yarn size is here? It says on the website that the yarn equals 11x 17 stitches and that equals 4 inches. Thanks. The yarn I would be using is Nako Sport Woll and I would be using it for a hat and a shawl. Thanks again.
I'm happy to hear you found the info helpful. As for your yarn, despite having the word "sport" in its name, Nake Sport Wool would be considered a Bulky (5) yarn. Cheers!
Hello! I have a quistion about a yarn I want to use for a scarf. Its called Nako Masal. Would you mind telling me what yarn weight that yarn is ? Thanks!
Hi Jenny! It looks like this is an aran weight yarn (think worsted weight). You can find more info about this yarn here.
My pattern’s gauge is 4.5 stitches = 1 inch in stockinette stitch with larger needles. The suggested yarn is WORSTED (9 wpi) ; needle sizes are: US 6 and US 8.
The yarn I want to use is Hayfield Baby Blossom CHUNKY with a gauge of 14 stitches and 19 rows = 4 inches. Suggested needle size is US 9 and US 10 1/2.
I have seen an image of this sweater in this yarn. Could you let me know what two circular sized needles I should use to get 4.5 stitches to one inch with the chunky yarn?
Ah, if only it were that simple. Gauge will always vary by the knitter, sometimes a little, sometimes a lot. What I would recommend is knitting a swatch in three needle sizes. I'd begin with the US 8 needles and work for about 2" and measure. If you find that you're not close to gauge, go up to the next size, and repeat. Once you find a needle size that is giving you gauge, work that swatch for 4"- 5" to get a truer measurement. I hope this helps. Let me know how it goes. ~ Christina
Thank you so much for responding!
This is a terrific primer on gauge, but I am still fumbling with a simple hat pattern's vague gauge directions. The single pattern allows for six sizes between child and large adult, and is flexible as to type of yarn, but I don't quite follow the gauge instructions:
"Gauges: 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 & 6
Sizes: child - large adult"
That's it. But 3.5 what? 6 what? Can you shed some light? Thank you.
Thank you so much! Yes, that does sound confusing. Could you tell me the name of the hat pattern? I'm happy to take a look.
This was a great article on gauge. When I've made my swatch I can't get both width and height to match no matter what needles I swith to. I've dropped down 3 needle sizes that gives me the right height but thsnk I still have to use a size or two smaller on the pattern to get width to match gauge is this normal?
Hi Barb! Much thanks for your comment. As far as gauge is concerned, it is more important to get stitch gauge than to get row gauge. Height can always be adjusted. Something else to consider...did you wash and block your swatch? Some yarns bloom and that may end up resolving your problem. Dropping down 3 needle sizes sounds pretty drastic and, I'm sure, will compromise the overall drape and flow of your intended garment. As mentioned in my post, tension may be an issue so gauge will vary from knitter to knitter. I've found that if I'm overthinking my knitting, my tension is tighter which throws everything out of whack. Set it down and come back to it later if need be but you're definitely on the right track. Kudos for swatching! I salute you! Best of luck! ~ Christina 🙂
Hi - What I don't understand and what never seems to be explained with gauge directions is how many stitches do you cast on to the needle in the first place and how many rows do you want to knit?
For example, if the directions say "20 sts/40 rows = 10 cm/4 inches in unblocked garter", does that mean you cast on 20 stitches, knit 40 rows and then measure down to see if it measures 4 inches? Or does it mean you cast on a larger number of stitches (e.g. 40 stitches), knit a larger number of rows (e.g. 60 rows), measure 1 inch across the knitting and then count how many stitches exist in the 1-inch measurement (presumably to be 'on gauge' you'd need there to be 20 stitches per inch), and then measure 4 inches down the knitting and count how many rows exist in 4 inches (presumably 40 rows to be 'on gauge').
Thanks,
M
Hi Mary. Great question. I can’t speak to why each designer doesn’t include the amount of stitches needed to swatch. What they do usually include is their gauge measurements, which will allow you to calculate how many stitches you should cast on. Yes, knitting a gauge swatch can be confusing at first but with time and experience it’ll become clear.
When knitting a gauge swatch, you never want to do the bare minimum. In your example of 20 sts X 40 rows = 4” garter stitch, I’d recommend casting on more than the 20 stitches. You don’t have to double your stitches, unless you want to. You just want to be able to have more than the minimum to check for stitch variance, tension changes, and to avoid edge stitches and CO/BO stitches. You want to be able to measure 4 inches squared of whatever your stitch pattern may be without interruption.
The goal is to measure a larger piece, not 1 or 2 inch increments, because sometimes it takes knitters to get into the flow and stitch size and shape can vary. Measuring a larger piece will reduce the chance that your finished garment is too big/small. Make sense?
I hope this explanation helped and thanks for sharing your question. Best of luck!
Hello, thank you for the great article! I am trying to knit something similar to swatch image at the start of the article. Would you happen to know the yarn weight, knitting gauge, knit style, and material used on that swatch? Also I am trying to recreate it using a 100% cotton yarn, would that affect any of the specifications?
Thank you,
K
You're very welcome, Kris. I'm glad you enjoyed it. The swatch image was knit in stockinette stitch with Cascade 220 Worsted Weight yarn. I can't seem to locate my original swatch so I can't provide my gauge info. Yes, recreating it with a different yarn fiber will affect the end result, which is why it is important to swatch. Good luck!
I am still having a hard time getting the gauge. I change my needle size and I still cant' get it. It is very upsetting trying to get it. Could you please try to help me.
Shirley, sorry to hear you're having a hard time. I know it can be frustrating. I'm happy to try to help you, but I need more information. Message me at info@knitfarious.com and let me know what yarn/needles you're working with and what aspects of gauge you're not meeting. Are you experiencing too many/too few stitches? Are you meeting width but not height or vice versa? What problems are you experiencing? Be as detailed as possible and I'll see what I can do.
It calls for a size 10/half needle and red heart yarn soft 4 ply. That’s what I am using. But I keep getting to many stitches, and I go down a needle size and still can’t get it. It says do the gauge by the pattern. I always have a hard time.
Thanks for the info, Shirley.
Ok, so when you're knitting your swatch, how many stitches are you casting on? How big is your swatch before measuring? How are you measuring?
You say it's too big...what measurements are you getting? What are the measurements given for gauge in your pattern?
I know that's a lot of questions but it's all part of the process. Hang in there.
Hi,
Thanks for the direction - although I am reluctant to gauge I completely understand why. My sweater recommends size 7 US but I want to start it and can only find size 8 in my collection of needles so I will test the gauge. My question is the instructions are below but don't understand what she means in the RND.
28 sts and 30 rows = 4" over Honeycomb
chart flat and in the rnd, blocked.
28 sts and 30 rows = 4" over Antler chart
flat and in the rnd, blocked.
26 sts and 28 rows = 4" in K2, P2 Rib flat
and in the rnd, blocked
Hi Liz! You're welcome. The instructions for RND, or Round, means you'll need to knit a swatch in the round as it'll give you different measurements than if you were knitting flat (or back and forth). You can find a tutorial on how to knit a swatch in the round here, in case you need one. I hope this helps!
Thanks for the info. But my question is if the length is 4” but stitches are only 3 1/2 inches (after blocking) what to do? I went to a larger needle & got 4 1/2 rows & 3 1/2 stitches. Not sure here.
Hi Lynne! It sounds like your swatch is too small to begin with. You're not measuring the swatch as a whole, you're measuring an area of knitting. In general, you want to measure an area that doesn't include the cast on, bind off, or edges. It's also recommended that you cast on extra stitches than, say, what the ball band recommends to get 4" so feel free to cast on extra stitches. Yes, it's a little more work but you'll get a truer gauge.
I sincerely applaud your efforts and even going so far as blocking it to check. Kudos to you! I'd try swatching again with more stitches and knitting for at least 5" and then repeating your steps. I hope this helps. Let me know if you have any more questions.
I consistently get stitch per inch but am short row per inch. I have successfully made adjustments for this is certain patterns, not always. I am working on a double knitting pattern with figures in alternating colors. I’m afraid the little elephants will be squashed! How do I adjust for this row difference without changing the stitch per inch!
Hi JoEllen! Double knitting is definitely on my list to tackle this year so unfortunately I can't provide a personal tip or remedy. What I do know about double knitting from my research, is that it requires you to go down several needle sizes to get gauge. As far as gauge goes, speaking generally, I've always heard that it's better to meet stitches per inch vs rows per inch, but I'm not sure what your project is and how ignoring rows per inch might affect your knitted piece. I even consulted a book I have on double knitting and it, too, had little to say about rows per inch. I would say, then, to knit a gauge swatch in pattern, if you're not doing that already, to see how the pattern design plays out. I hope this is some help to you.
Christina,
Thanks for the reply. I have consulted MANY sources and have found the same answer. I have actually gone up a size to get stitch gauge on this project and still don’t meet row. This is a constant in my knitting. One source suggested using needles from different materials in the same size, ie steel vs bamboo. I haven’t found that it helps. I’m doing a swatch and hopefully the little elephants in this pattern won’t be too squashed. I’ll let you know. Again, appreciate the response.
JoEllen
You're welcome. I, too, was surprised by the lack of info I could find to provide you a better answer. And it sounds like you've done your research, too, in trying different needle materials, etc. The only other thing you could try is knitting with two different size needles to meet in the middle. In other words, if you're knitting with size U.S. 4 needles, try knitting with a 4 and a 5. It can't hurt to try. If all else fails, try a different yarn and see if you have different results. Sometimes that could be the issue, too. Best of luck!
Hi Christina, my swatch guage is half a stitch out and half a row out, I'm not so bothered about the rows as I can adjust, but should I switch to a larger needle to get the extra half stitch
Hi Ann. It depends on what you're making. In some cases, you can do some quick math to account for multiple half-stitches. Also, if you haven't yet washed and blocked your swatch, that may solve the problem altogether. I hope this helps!
Thanks for your reply Christina, I'll try blocking because I'm knitting with super chunky yarn on 15mm needles. The next size up is 20mm so this would'n't work
Hello! I love your site and this article is so helpful but I had a question about adjusting gauge. When you bring the needle one size up or down does it increase by a whole stitch or half a stitch? In other words if my yarn is 14 sts/4 inches on size 9 (5.5 mm) needles, and I want to bring it to 15 sts/4 inches, would I use size 8 needles, which are half a mm smaller, or size 7, a full mm smaller?
Hi Tatum! Thank you for your kind words and taking the time to comment.
In response to your question, unfortunately, there's no hard and fast rule about yarn gauge as yarns will vary, your knitting tension varies, etc. As for knitting needles, smaller needles = more stitches, larger needles = fewer stitches. Try the smaller needles when you swatch, measure, then adjust as needed. Don't forget to wash and block. I hope this helps!
For me I have just completed a triangular scarf which calls for a gauge, now my question is I have already done the binding and now how do I start the gauge, like do u cast on again and how does that get done to the finished scarf the stitches are
16 stitches to 4" in garter stitch please dear can you explain the process.
Hi Cynthia! Gauge is always done BEFORE starting a project to determine if your knitting jibes with the designer's measurements. If you've already knit a triangular scarf and its measurements are within the range specified by the designer, then lucky you! If not, then knit a gauge swatch in garter stitch before starting again. I'd suggest casting on 25+ stitches, then knit in garter stitch until your swatch measures about 5 inches to get a true measurement. If you're on target, then proceed to knitting the scarf. Does this make sense? Let me know if you have more questions. ~Christina
Hello Christina
The presenter of the pattern, started off with the three stitches and then it was the increase stitches but there was nothing about the gauge, I started knitting the scarf, so now I have to forget about the swatch gauge altogether, not so happy about what happened , but I will know for the future.
Thanks dear and nice of you to respond, but in case I need your help I shall get back to you, hope that is ok bye Cynthia.
So I have a sweater pattern that lists the gauge required as 20 stitches in 4 inches using size 7 needles and DK weight yarn. Does not state a gauge for rows.
I was not able to that gauge using size 7s but did with size 8s and it looks OK.
So now I am ready to start knitting but...
The pattern uses the size 7 needles for the majority of the sweater but then switches to size 9s for a section with lace. Does that mean I should use size 10s for the lace?
Yes, that's what I would do. Kudos to you for swatching! Best of luck with your sweater!
Hi! I'm knitting a gauge and it calls for 16 1/2 rows of stockinette but I don't understand what it's asking for.
-Thank you!
Hi Ava! Thanks for sharing your question. When it comes to stockinette stitch, you'll need to knit one row, then purl one row. Based on the 1/2 row detail, it sounds like you're knitting flat or back and forth on straight needles. My understanding of the 1/2 row is that, with stockinette, it occurs in pairs (knit one row, purl one row) so, with your pattern, you would finish on a knit row before moving on to the next instructions. I could be wrong, of course, but without more info, this is what I'd assume the designer means. I hope this helps! Good luck!
Hello! Thank you for the helpful info! If I'm knitting a project that calls for 2 different sized needles (like a hat with a tighter brim) and I have to go up 2 sizes with the primary needle to meet the gauge would I also go up the same number in the smaller needle?
Hi Paige! Yes, that's what I would do.
Thanks for stopping by! Best of luck!
Hello
My pattern gauge reads 11 stitches and 32 rows for 10cm x 10cm gauge.
The yarn calls for 7 mm needles, the stitch width works (10cm) however the length (rows) is way to long
Even trying with 6 mm needles the length (rows) is way to long
Could this be a typo? What is the usual ratio to stitch:row or most common
Hi Donna. Good question. I'll definitely try to help you figure out why you think the row length is too long.
First, can you tell me what you're measuring and how you're measuring your row? How many stitches did you cast on? What are the pattern instructions for gauge?
Thanks.
I'm just beginning to learn. My yarn recommends 8mm needle, 11sts, 14 rows for the 4" swatch, but the pattern I'm looking at has 8 mm needle, 10sts, 32 rows. I'm using the yarn the pattern calls for. For my gauge, using 8 mm needle, I get 4" with 11 sts and 20 rows? The discrepancy between yarn and pattern gauge is confusing
Hi Tracy! Yes, that is confusing.
How are you measuring your gauge? What are you counting exactly? It might just be a simple error.
As for row gauge, generally that is less important than stitch gauge. In this case, though, you'd have to do some math to determine how much yarn you'd need to finish your project.
Let me know how you are knitting your gauge swatch (garter stitch, stockinette, in pattern?) and how you are determining your measurements. I'm sure we can figure this out.
Thanks for the speedy reply. I am using a garter stitch, which both pattern and yarn call for. I think I'm counting the rows correctly. It's a basic blanket pattern of making 12x12 squares and then sewing them together.
Ah, garter stitch. That explains it.
So when measuring gauge in garter stitch, each ridge counts as two rows.
In your 1st comment, you said your gauge was >> 4" with 11 sts and 20 rows. Really this means 11sts but 40 rows.
As I mentioned before, stitch gauge is more important than row gauge. Based on your info, you're meeting stitch gauge, but exceeding row gauge. Here's a useful article that might help you to correct that if you so desire. If it's a fairly simple pattern that you could easily stop knitting at your required length, then that's an option too. You're the boss!
Hopefully this helps you get started on your project. Kudos for taking the time to check gauge!
Awesome! Thank you so much for the explanation.
You're very welcome! Good luck with your project!
Hello! I’ve figured out establishing gauge in relationship to yarn and needles. Do you know if there’s a chart for swapping out types of knit stitches, such as seed stitch for garter stitch? It would be great to have a resource to begin playing with changing the look and feel of the knit fabric.
Hi Sarah! Thanks for writing in! I don't believe a chart like that exists. If it does, I have not seen it.
It would certainly be an interesting idea. If you decide to make your own, please let me know. I'd love to see it.
Ok, I've been knitting for around 10-ish years, I've even read books about it, and I never realized some types of stitches count rows differently. Why hasn't anyone ever explained this before? lol
My tactic is to just muddle through and make the best of it. If something makes my head hurt and hours of googling and knitting swatches doesn't solve my confusion, I just go with it and try it out. What seasoned knitter hasn't frogged nearly an entire sweater before, right? 😀
My biggest frustration to date has been a hot water bottle cozy: Simple stockinette with a few basic cables. What could go wrong, right?
The pattern indicated that it was for an 18" hot water bottle. I even bought a larger hot water bottle because the one I had was a little too small for my liking and I figured it would be easier to make a smaller one after I made the pattern once without edits. (I also hadn't knitted anything in over a year because... life.)
The swatch was to be done in stockinette. My first swatch was WAY off; ended up with 5.5"sq, so I went down a needle size and the second one was spot on. Then I started the project.
About 3/4 of the way through, I realized the darned thing was going to be TINY! It barely fit the small hot water bottle. (After washing and blocking.) So I made a second one with the suggested needle size and it barely fit the larger hot water bottle. Neither bottle is 18" long!
I'm baffled. The creator told me that the length of the hot water bottle she listed was accurate and there weren't any typos in the pattern, nor was I misinterpreting anything. I'm so flipping confused. My theory is that she meant the finished cozy would be 18" (due to the fold-over cuff on the one end) and the actual water bottle would need to be about 13-14".
I had a similar issue with a lace wrap I've been working on. I simply could NOT get the gauge right, so I gave up and winged it. I'm still convinced there was a typo on those instructions too. I knitted that swatch at least 4 times (all done in a very complicated lace pattern mind you) using the exact yarn called for and the correct gauge needles, going up and down in needle size and switching from circular to straight and back a few times.
Maybe I'm overthinking it, but I've never been THIS far off with swatches in my life. It's...unsettling.
The lace wrap is coming out very nicely, I ended up adding 3-4 extra pattern repeats (stitches) to make it wider - a lot more work, but easier than trying to figure out why the heck my swatches weren't coming out. Unless they forgot to mention that the yarn was supposed to be doubled-knitted, which would make sense, but the photos of the finished work clearly show (it's a very smooth cotton blend yarn so double strands are very visible, I checked) it's not two strands held together so... Yeah, baffled again.
Do I just have rotten luck with patterns or am I missing something important? I think maybe I've just been gaslighted by a couple of knitting patterns. lol
Hi there! Thanks so much for the comment! I’m happy that you discovered something new about knitting, even after years of practice and “research”. The lesson you mention was certainly a game-changer for me.
I’m sorry to hear you’re having issues with pattern sizing. I can absolutely understand your frustration, especially after following instructions and swatching beforehand. You’ve definitely done more than most to try to figure it out. Personally, though, I don’t understand why some designers suggest knitting a gauge swatch in something other than the stitch pattern. So much can just go wrong, especially with cables, and based on your statements, it seems like it has.
How big were your swatches? Bigger than 5 inches or smaller than 4 inches? The larger the swatch, the truer an estimate you’ll get. Also, once you meet gauge, don’t forget to check gauge as you work to make sure you’re staying on track.
Something else I’d recommend, if you haven’t done so already, is to look on Ravelry to see if anyone else tried to knit the pattern and also had difficulty. Check to see if others have finished the project, shared their experience, or given other knitters a warning.
Finally, if it’s not the pattern and it’s not your needles, it might be the yarn. Even though you are using the suggested yarn, sometimes different batches of the same brand and yarn weight can have variations that affect the size. You may know this already but it’s always worth mentioning.
I wish I had a more definitive answer. I certainly applaud your efforts, not only in swatching but also in contacting the designer with your concerns. I’m sorry they weren’t more help.
I wouldn’t beat yourself up about it though. I’d probably just try another pattern, maybe one that’s been knit before or test knitted. If you’re set on a pattern and still can’t meet gauge, you could always try to adjust the pattern based on your swatch measurements. It’s a little trickier and involves math, but it can be done.
I hope this helps! Sending good luck your way!
Love your site. Excellent tips and help line. I too need advice. Long story short - ALL was Supposed to work out but all factors put together did not play nice. So my question: should i go UP a size to achieve the proper gauge (a sweater) from M to L. I could achieve the right gauge if i went up a needle size but then the yarn becomes too flimsy, light and almost see thru for a sweater - even though it was supposed to be that sz needle - yarn too loosey goosey for me - i prefer the smaller sz 5mm to the 6mm and this is done with circulars. So i do not want to go up a needle sz. as it makes sweater too flimsy. But does going up a whole size in the sweater make everything else a little wonky? Also, is it common to get a different gauge using circular needles (as in this pattern)? THANK YOU.
Thank you so much, Joan! I really appreciate that. Now, let's talk about gauge.
Yes, you can get a different gauge IF knitting a swatch in the round OR if using different types and materials of needles. Every knitter's gauge is different which is why it's important to swatch beforehand to see how you need to adjust. Yarn is a factor, too.
For your sweater pattern, pay particular attention to how it says to swatch: flat or in the round. Then I'd suggest you knit a swatch using the recommended needle size. After a few inches, measure on a flat surface. If you're off, go up or down in needle size and continue to swatch. Measure again. Keep going until you meet gauge. THEN, bind off and wash your swatch per the ball's instructions. Measure again after it's dry. Yarn can bloom and change your gauge, too, so keep this in mind.
If you've done all this and you're still not happy with the drape or appearance of the yarn, you might try another yarn.
Long story short, I know swatching takes a lot of time and effort but taking the time to perform these steps will be worth it in the end with a finished piece that's worth wearing.
Best of luck! ~ Christina
Hello Christina,
Great article!
So I'm working on this stripped afghan and the pattern is calling for Yarn Over Lace. The instructions say to create the gauge "in the pat", so I'm guessing that means my gauging swatch will be in yarn over lace. It says 18 stitches and 17 3/4 rows for the 4x4 using US 8 needle. I have gauge for number of stitches but when I knit 18 rows in the Yarn over lace pattern, it's barely 3 inches long. So my next step would be to do it again but increase to a US 9, but what if I'm out of gauge on the 18 stitches? Am not sure if I'm doing the gauge correctly. Any tips on getting gauge for stitches other than stockinette and garter and how to count rows?
Thank you,
Anisa
Hi Anisa! First of all, kudos on taking the time to knit a gauge swatch! One thing to keep in mind with lace is that it's designed to open up when blocked. Have you blocked your swatch? Gauge, especially lace, will always be based on a final blocked swatch. I'd try that if you haven't done it already. I hope this helps!
Hello Christina , I am a fairly new knitter and I cane across this poncho that I would like to do but not understanding how they are telling me to do a gauge on this. It says 20 sts = 4"/10cm in stockinette stitch . I am so used to patterns telling you how many stitches and rows to do for a gauge . Not sure about this one . If you could help me this would be great thanks so much , Cindy
Hello Christina , I am a fairly new knitter and I have a pattern that calls for a gauge 20 sts = 4"/10cm in stockinette st and I will be using size 6 circular needles . And the yarn is a Rowan Felted Tweed . Normally when I have a pattern it tells me how many sts and rows but this one does not , so I am not sure how many rows to do . Thanks for your help . Cindy
Hi Cindy! Based on the gauge they gave you, I'd cast on 25 - 30 stitches. Knit in stockinette until the swatch is slightly larger than the 4" to give you an allowance to measure without edges. If they do not mention row, that may mean that row gauge is not as important as stitch gauge. I hope this gets you started. Good luck!
When it says 22sts and 28 rows to 10 cm over pattern what does that mean?
Hi Shirley! Good question! When you knit your swatch, wash, and measure, you're striving for 22 sts across and 28 rows over 4 inches/10 cm in the pattern listed. If you achieve gauge, you're good to go! If your measurements are different, you'll need to make some needle size adjustments and try again. I hope this helps! Good luck!
Pattern says 27sts and 42 rows to 19 cm. (4in)over pattern. What does that mean. I am so confused with gauge.
Hey Shirley, why don't you email me the name of the pattern you're working on, where you found it (online website, book name, etc.), and your specific questions/concerns? My email is: info@knitfarious.com
I'll do my best to help you but I need more info. Thanks!
I knitted a swatch in dk yarn on no 7 (4.5mm) needles - 19 stitches and 31 rows. The width is perfect 4” but the length is 5”, so too long. How can I adjust this.?
Thank you
Hi Maggie! There's a couple of things that might get you to row gauge. First, have you washed and blocked your gauge swatch? Some yarns blooms and this minor thing may solve the problem. If that doesn't work, you could try going up a needle size and reworking your swatch. Another option would be to try knitting your swatch with a different needle material as this can sometimes change things a bit. I hope these options help you to get it resolved!
Thank you for this useful article.
Still, is it me or I find to read the instruction for the gauge of this pattern confusing?
GAUGE
3.5 sts is 2”/5 cm & 5.5 rows is 2”/5 cm
over stockinette on 19 US / 15 mm circulars
Thank you 🙂
You're welcome, Arianna! Thanks so much for taking the time to let me know you enjoyed it.
Now, to your question. Yes, it's written a little differently so I can see why you find it confusing. Let me break it down for you.
First, note that it's measured out by 2 inch increments. Your stockinette stitch gauge swatch should measure 3.5 sts (horizontally) X 5.5 rows (vertically) over 2 inches (or 5 cm). I always knit a bigger swatch as I prefer to measure over a larger area since this is gives me a more true gauge. If you increase to 4" increments, it'll give you whole numbers which is also easier to read. For 4", 7 sts (across) X 11 rows (top to bottom).
I hope this helps. Let me know if you have any other questions. ~ Christina
Thank you so much for your swift and detailed answer! It took me hours but in the end I got it (I am a beginner knitter!). So, just to clarify, if the pattern was written in a more traditional way, it would be sth like this, right? : 7 sts/11 rows = 4x4 inches gauge/10x10xm gauge
You're welcome! I'm glad you figured it out on your own. Still, it's always nice to feel like you have "back up".
Yes, 7 sts x 11 rows = 4"/10 cm is correct. Enjoy your knitting!
I am not patient and I am a beginner. I haven't read each and every question and you may have covered this....but...I have lots of yarn I have picked up "along the way." The pattern calls for (100% alpaca, 50 gram hank = approx 109 yards) 3 hanks. Size 16" circular size US 10 1/2. Then it says 15 sts and 24 rnds = 4" . My question is can I use a different yarn for this pattern? I want to use the yarn I have which is Altan Maskin Vaskbar with the following information:
(85% ull, 15% mohair 50 gr = 60 m. Size 7 needle and then a diagram that looks like a swatch with the numbers 10 in the middle of the swatch and 13 below.
If so, do I just make a 4" swatch and count the stitches required to make that swatch and convert all that into the pattern? Yikes. I don't know how I will ever use all this yarn if I have to buy yarn specifically for a pattern.
Hi Angela! I haven't covered this question before, but I am currently working on an update to this post so thank you for asking! It is a great question.
Now, given that you've stated you're not patient, might I suggest finding a pattern that is designed for that particular yarn weight instead? I suggest this simply because, while there are ways to convert a yarn to fit a pattern, they tend to lose something in the translation (too much math, too loose, too sloppy, too heavy, etc.). Trying to reinvent the wheel (or the knitting pattern) may leave you feeling more frustrated and take away from precious knitting time. Believe me, I speak from experience.
If I can help you find an alternative pattern, please let me know. I'll do my best to help.
Thank you for this. I was trying to knit a slouch hat. If you can find a pattern that works with this yarn, awesome. If not? Who knows. This is a great site.
No problem, Angela. I will dig around and see what I can find. I'm sure I can find something. I'll email you the results later.
I have to say, this is a great site. My mother doesn't respond as quickly as Christina does. Way cool.
LOL! Thank you, Angela! I appreciate it.